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Owing to their high oxygen consumption, skeletal muscle fibers are inherently prone to ROS generation during contraction and metabolism ( Elevated ROS also activate the NF-B pathway by depleting glutathione (GSH), downregulating myogenic transcription factors (MyoD, MyoG), and upregulating the transcriptional repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), thereby impairing myogenic differentiation (Xiang et al., 2022)
The respiratory epithelium also acts as a barrier, with tightly connected epithelial cells regulating the passage of substances into and out of the lungs 118,119
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [9].Brjesson AE, Windahl SH, Karimian E, Eriksson EE, Lagerquist MK, Engdahl C, Antal MC, Krust A, Chambon P, Svendahl L, Ohlsson C, The role of estrogen receptor- and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice, Am
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In some embodiments, the otic formulation or composition comprises about 9% by weight of the viscosity modulating agent(s)
