However, recent data from Mitokinin suggest that mitophagy activation can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma by measuring phosphorylated ubiquitin at serine 65 (p-Ser65-Ub) using immunodetection techniques
Changes in intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration were followed by fluorimetric analysis of fura-2loaded cells
Arora 2014)
Supporting Study: Veljaca, M., et al
Capitalizing on this understanding, nutritional interventions target OA through a multi-tiered approach: (1) Upstream regulation using anti-inflammatory nutrients (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols) to quell systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (10)
King MA, Bradshaw S, Chang AH, Pintar JE, Pasternak GW